Filtration

Filtration is a process of removing solid particles with a diameter larger than 0.1 micrometers from water (or wastewater). This process takes place in devices called filters. The principle of filter operation is that water flows in a specific direction and at a defined speed through a filtration medium, which is a porous material. The material can be sand, anthracite, activated carbon, or specialized mineral beds, such as expanded clay or chalcedonite, designed for specific contaminants. Along with filtration, other processes may occur simultaneously, such as: surface coagulation, oxidation (of manganese and iron compounds), sorption, and others.